Null Hypothesis Significance Testing I Class 17 , 18 . 05

Frequentist statistics is often applied in the framework of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). We will look at the Neyman-Pearson paradigm which focuses on one hypothesis called the null hypothesis: for example, that the tested treatment has no effect on the progress of the disease. There are other paradigms for hypothesis testing, but NeymanPearson is the most common. Stated simply, this method asks if the data is well outside the region where we would expect to see it under the null hypothesis. If so, then we reject the null hypothesis. The reasoning is that such extreme data is very unlikely in a world where the null hypothesis is true.